Description

Buy tramadol Online

Effects of tramadol

Tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic, is used to treat moderate to (moderately) severe pain. Racemic tramadol provides similar analgesia as (+)-tramadol but is better tolerated than the (+)-enantiomer. In addition, the (-)-enantiomer is less effective as an analgesic. Therefore, the racemic mixture of tramadol is superior to either enantiomer alone in the treatment of pain. As an analgesic, tramadol is approximately equipotent as codeine and has about 10% of the potency of morphine after parenteral administration. Because tramadol has a higher oral bioavailability than morphine, the relative potency of oral tramadol should be about 20% of that of oral morphine

Physical properties

Tramadol hydrochloride salt is a white crystalline powder and has a bitter taste.

llicit Uses/User Population:

Tramadol is most commonly abused by narcotic addicts, chronic pain patients, and health professionals.
According the American Association of Poison Control Centers, there were a total of 12,108 tramadol exposures in
2016. Of this total in 2016, there were 5,712 single substance exposures and 3 associated deaths. For 2017,
there were a total of 10,932 exposures with 4,903 single substance exposures and 5 related deaths.
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 1.6 million people in the U.S. aged 12 or
older misused tramadol products in the past year. For 2017 and 2018, 1.8 and 1.5 million people, aged 12 and older,
misused tramadol products, respectively.

Illicit Distribution:

DEA collected scientifically verified data from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System and the
System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (STRIDE)/STARLiMS databases on drug items and cases
submitted to and analyzed by federal, state, and local forensic laboratories. In 2018, preliminary findings indicate
9,352 exhibits were submitted to forensic laboratories identified as tramadol within NFLIS; an increase from the
7,059 and 6,119 exhibits identified in 2017 and 2016.

Controlled Status:

On July 2, 2014, the DEA published in the Federal Register the final rule placing tramadol into schedule IV of
the Controlled Substances Act. This rule became effective on August 18, 2014. All regulatory requirements
applicable to schedule IV controlled substances will apply to tramadol effective August 18, 2014. The final rule is
available online at www.regulations.gov.